The village of Bornova has been home to English, French, Dutch and Italian merchants since the 18th century. Today, Bornova is a suburb of modern Izmir, Turkey’s bustling Aegean port. But enter it from the roundabout at the top of the new motorway, heading out of Izmir for Istanbul and the Dardanelles, and you will find yourself in a cluster of narrow lanes shaded by great plane trees. Here houses still shelter behind high ochre walls, protected by tall cypresses and spreading chestnut trees from the glare of Izmir’s concrete jungle.

One of these old houses belongs to Gwyneth Giraud whose late husband, Godfrey, first showed me his romantic garden in the early 1960s. Their son Brian is now doing Trojan work trying to restore a garden which was once tended by eight gardeners.

The Girauds of Izmir are direct descendents of Jean-Baptiste Giraud, who established himself as a trader in the great Aegean port in 1767. Although by no means the largest of Bornova’s houses, some of which are now being rescued and lovingly restored by a new generation of caring Turkish owners, theirs is the most evocative of old Bornova.

Jean-Baptiste Giraud was born in 1742 in the south of France, son of a wealthy landowner and mayor of Antibes. His first cousin was the Princesse d’Essling and the family insignia shows a dove perched on an olive tree; a prophetic coat-of-arms for a man who was to found his fortune in a country where olive trees spread in great silver waves along its Aegean and Mediterranean coasts. He also based his affairs in a city where doves are still heard cooing from morning to night.

Earlier Europeans were lured to Smyrna, as Izmir was then known, in the 16th and 17th centuries, by the trade in spices and silks. These were brought to the Aegean port on camels along the ancient roads that crossed Turkey, Perisa and India to China. The caravans would halt at caravanserais and wells that were shaded by huge Oriental plane trees, still found along many of Turkey’s old roads. Some still give shade to the busy, dusty streets of modern Bornova.

But it was a later generation of entrepreneurs who made their home here. They traded mainly in Turkish produce – dried figs and raisins, grain, nuts, liquorice, pepper, aniseed, and eventually minerals and carpets – and they imported manufactured goods from Europe.

Bournabat, as it was locally called, was near the hillls where these intrepid merchants love to shoot and fish for trout. Here they were well away from the unsalubrious summer heat of a city whose reputation was hardly more enviable than Naples.

The house where Gwyneth Giraud lives today was bought by her husband’s grandfather Edward Whittall in the second half of the 19th century. The Whittalls, a shipping family from Liverpool, were the next Europeans to settle in 18th-century Izmir…

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Issue 1, 1992 Insider’s Turkey
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